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免费:高速数字电路设计及EMC设计.DOC

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【文件名】:06118-高速数字电路设计及EMC设计.DOC
【目 录】:
备注:非原创,从哪里down的忘了
1. 高速数字电路设计.................................................................................................................. 5
1.1何谓高速数字信号?.................................................................................................... 5
1.2微带线、带状线的概念................................................................................................. 5
1.2.1微带线(Microstrip).......................................................................................... 5
1.2.2带状线(Stripline)............................................................................................. 6
1.2.3经验数据............................................................................................................ 6
1.2.4同轴线(coaxial cable)...................................................................................... 6
1.2.5双绞线(twisted-pair cable)............................................................................... 7
1.2.6等间隔的电容负载的影响................................................................................... 7
1.3 常见高速电路.............................................................................................................. 8
1.3.1 ECL(Emitter Coupled Logic)电路...................................................................... 8
1.3.2 CML(Current Mode Logic)电路........................................................................ 9
1.3.3 GTL(Gunning Transceiver Logic)电路............................................................ 10
1.3.4 BTL(Backplane Transceiver Logic)电路........................................................... 10
1.3.5 TTL(Transistor Transistor Logic)电路............................................................. 11
1.3.6 模数转换电路—线接收器................................................................................. 12
1.4 常见电路匹配措施..................................................................................................... 12
1.4.1反射................................................................................................................. 12
1.4.2终端匹配.......................................................................................................... 13
1.4.3始端匹配.......................................................................................................... 15
1.5 高速电路设计一般原则和调试方法............................................................................ 16
1.5.1同步逻辑设计................................................................................................... 16
1.5.2了解选用器件的输入、输出结构,选用恰当的匹配电路;在考虑节省功耗,电路 又能容许的情况下,可适当地引入失配。........................................................................................................... 19
1.5.3对极高速率(300MHz以上)的信号,一般建议选用互补逻辑,以降低对电源的要求。 19
1.5.4了解每一根高速信号电流的流向(电流环)...................................................... 19
1.5.5信号的布线、电源和地层的分割,是否符合微带线、带状线的要求?高速信号要有回路地相配(不是屏蔽地)................................................................................................................................ 19
1.5.6电源滤波.......................................................................................................... 19
1.5.7对很高速度的信号要估算其走线延迟。............................................................. 19
1.5.8在满足速度要求的前提下,尽量选用工作速率低的器件。 19
1.5.9差分线尽量靠近走线......................................................................................... 19
1.5.10测试方法:选择有50Ω输入的高速示波器,一般自制一个探头,测量点应尽量靠近所观察的位置或者需要该信号的实际位置。一般不建议测输出端的信号波形,与实际使用的位置有一定差别。 19
1.5.11 ringing, crosstalk, radiated noise —— 数字系统的三种噪声 19
1.5.12数字信号的绝大部分能量(功率谱密度)集中在fknee之内 19
1.5.13 延时:FR4PCB,outer trace: 140180 ps/inch inner trace: 180 ps/inch 20
1.5.14 集总参数与分布参数系统............................................................................... 20
1.5.15 互感、耦合电容的作用(干扰).................................................................... 20
1.5.16 ECL电路的上升时间、下降时间的计算........................................................... 20
1.5.17 在数字系统中,耦合电容引起的串扰比起互感引起的串扰要小。 21
1.5.18 传输通道包括器件封装、PCB布局、连接器,至少在fknee的范围内要有平坦的频响,以保证信号不失真,否则信号在收端可能会遇到上升时间劣化、过冲、振铃、lump等现象。................... 21
1.5.19 阻容负载对电流变化的作用........................................................................... 21
1.5.20 噪声容限(noise immunity):以10H189器件为例........................................... 22
1.5.21 地反弹(groundbounce)............................................................................ 23
1.5.22 寄生电容Stray Capacitance的影响:对于高输入阻抗电路影响尤为严重 23
1.5.23 示波器探针的电气模型.................................................................................. 24
1.5.24 21:1探针:..................................................................................................... 25
1.5.25 趋肤效应(skin effect):在高频时导线表面附近的电流密度加大,而中心部分的电流密度减小。趋肤效应使得导线对高频信号的衰减增大。趋肤效应的频率与导体的材料有关。....................... 25
1.5.26 对低频信号,电流流经电阻最小的路径;对高频信号,回流路径的电感远比其电阻重要,高频电流流经电感最小的路径,而非电阻最小的路径。最小电感回流路径正好在信号导线的下面,以减小流出和流入电流通路间的环路面积。........................................................................................................... 25
1.5.27 负载电容对上升时间的影响........................................................................... 26
1.5.28 直流匹配和交流匹配的功耗比较.................................................................... 27
1.5.29 电源系统设计原则......................................................................................... 27
1.5.30 TTL和ECL的混合系统要注意........................................................................ 27
1.5.31 电源线上的电磁辐射防护............................................................................... 28
1.5.32 旁路电容的选取和安装:............................................................................... 28
1.5.33 连接器对高速系统的影响............................................................................... 28
1.5.34 总线:........................................................................................................... 31
2、电磁兼容性(Electromagnetic Compatibility)....................................................................... 32
2.1 关于电磁兼容性的基本原理....................................................................................... 32
2.1.1下面的电路布局有什么问题?........................................................................... 32
2.1.2 走线可穿过回流平面的缝隙吗?No!.............................................................. 33
2.1.3走线的电感和电容............................................................................................ 33
2.1.4接地的作用:................................................................................................... 34
2.1.5 信号参考点应在何处接至基底(chassis)............................................................. 35
2.1.6周期信号......................................................................................................... 36
2.1.7 EMC三要素..................................................................................................... 36
2.1.8共模和差模....................................................................................................... 38
2.1.9 减小噪声的措施............................................................................................... 39
2.2 信号完整性――减小串扰和信号畸变......................................................................... 39
2.2.1......................................................................................................................... 39
2.2.2 屏蔽................................................................................................................ 40
2.2.3 信号畸变......................................................................................................... 41
2.3 通过滤波减小直流电源噪声....................................................................................... 41
2.3.1......................................................................................................................... 42
2.3.2 If DC power planes can’t be used, then lumped decoupling capacitors must be sized and placed correctly. 42
2.3.3 多层PCB、表贴电容,串联电感在何处?........................................................ 43
2.3.4 How to distribute DC power from a single supply to both analog and digital circuits?43
2.4 元件放置与信号层分配.............................................................................................. 44
2.5 Reducing conducted & radiated emission & susceptibility................................................. 46
2.6 电路板EMC准则总结................................................................................................ 48
2.6.1 Component Placement........................................................................................ 48
2.6.2 DC Power Distribution....................................................................................... 48
2.6.3 Routing of Signal Output and Return Paths........................................................... 49
2.6.4 Signal Integrity – Reducing Crosstalk and Distortion.............................................. 49
2.6.5 High Frequency Transmission Lines..................................................................... 50
2.6.6 Reducing Conducted and Radiated Emissions........................................................ 50-----------------------------------------
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免费:高速数字电路设计及EMC设计.DOC

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