基于权值的无线传感器网络分簇算法

系统主要操作步骤：

Step1:根据以上的方法选取簇头形成簇；

Step2:簇头为每个簇成员分配TDMA时间表；

Step3:节点在分配的时隙内发送数据给簇头；

Step4:簇头将收到的数据进行融合后通过单跳或多跳的形式传给基站；

Step5:当簇头的剩余能量小于等于本轮开始时能量的某个百分比时，重新分簇。

基于权值的分簇路由算法考虑了形成簇头的多种因素，如簇内通信代价、簇间通信代价、节点自身的能量状况，而LEACH算法只根据节点做过簇头的次数来决定簇头的选举，因此它选出的簇头更合理，产生的簇也更佳。

结语

由于传感器网络通常分布在环境恶劣或人不可到达的地方，所以人为维护是困难的，因此在进行数据通信的同时尽可能延长网络的寿命是我们需要解决的首要任务，分簇算法将无线传感器网络分成若干簇，每个簇选举出一个簇头，簇头作为本地基站将簇内节点传给它的数据进行数据融合后再传给基站，因而大大降低了节点消耗的能量，延长了网络寿命,本文综述的分簇路由算法及提出的创新的分簇路由算法——基于权值的分簇路由算法，都是实现这种目标的有效算法。但后者选出的簇头在节约能量方面最佳，更受推崇。

基于权值的分簇路由算法对权值因子的选择是人为的，即认为哪个因素重要，就给相应的因素赋更大的权值，反之，赋更小的值，但这些值究竟应该多大，应该有一个更具说服力的模型来描述，比如，在作战环境、地震检测、动物移动中应该具体用什么模型，以及它们对网络寿命的影响，这些都是还需要进一步研究的问题。

无线传感器网络中的路由算法对网络的寿命起着关键的作用，近年来，分簇路由算法已频繁地用于无线传感器网络中，因为它的路由算法更具有能量有效性。本文综述了近年来分簇路由算法的主要成果，及它们的性能比较，并提出了一种在能量方面更有效的创新性算法，以及还需期待研究的问题。

作者：王斯瑶 吴援明 谢光忠 电子科技大学　光电信息学院

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