UWB Theory and Applications

文件名：09613-UWB Theory and Applications.pdf

目　录：

Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Abbreviations xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Scope of this Book 2
1.2 UWB Basics 2
1.2.1 Advantages of UWB 3
1.3 Regulatory Bodies 4
1.3.1 UWB Regulation in the USA 4
1.3.2 UWB Regulations in Europe 5
1.3.2.1 IEEE 802.15.3a 7
1.3.2.2 IEEE 802.15.4a 7
1.4 Conclusions 7
2 UWB Channel Models 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Channel Measurement Techniques 9
2.2.1 Frequency Domain Channel Sounding 10
2.2.1.1 Signal Analysis Using IFFT 11
2.2.1.2 Hermitian Signal Processing 11
2.2.1.3 Conjugate Approach 12
2.2.2 Calibration and Verification 13
2.2.3 Measurement Experimental Set-up 15
2.2.3.1 Modified Frequency Domain Sounding System 15
2.2.4 Time Domain Channel Sounding 19
2.2.4.1 Impulse Sounding 19
2.2.4.2 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Sounding 20
6.5.4 Conical Dipole 141
6.5.5 Log-periodic Dipole Array 142
6.5.6 TEM Horn 143
6.6 Measured examples 144
6.6.1 Measurement Techniques 144
6.6.1.1 Frequency-domain Measurements 144
6.6.1.2 Time-domain Measurements 147
6.6.2 TEM Horn 148
6.6.3 Small Antennas 150
6.7 Conclusions 156
7 Medium Access Control 157
7.1 Introduction 157
7.2 Multiple Access in UWB Systems 158
7.2.1 MAC Objectives 158
7.2.1.1 Coexistence 158
7.2.1.2 Interoperability 158
7.2.1.3 Positioning/Tracking Support 159
7.2.2 Structure of the UWB Signal 159
7.2.3 Modulation and Multiple Access 160
7.2.4 Multiuser System Capacity 161
7.3 Medium Access Control for Ultra-Wideband 163
7.3.1 Constraints and Implications of UWB Technologies
on MAC Design 164
7.3.2 Resource Allocation in UWB Systems 166
7.4 IEEE 802.15.3 MAC 167
7.4.1 Introduction 167
7.4.2 Applications 168
7.4.3 Main Features 169
7.4.3.1 UWB Considerations 172
7.5 Conclusions 173
8 Positioning 175
8.1 Introduction 175
8.2 Positioning Techniques 176
8.2.1 Time-based Positioning 176
8.2.2 Overview of Position Estimation Techniques 176
8.2.3 Direct Calculation Method 177
8.2.4 Optimization Based Methods 180
8.2.4.1 Objective Function 180
8.2.4.2 Gauss–Newton Method 180
8.2.4.3 Quasi-Newton Method 181
8.2.5 Simulation Results 182
8.3 Delay Estimation Techniques 185
8.3.1 General Approaches 186
8.3.2 Inter-path Cancellation 187
8.4 NLOS Conditions 188
8.4.1 Sources of Uncertainty 188
8.4.2 Delay Through Walls 189
8.5 Metrics for Positioning 190
8.5.1 Identifying NLOS Channels 191
8.5.1.1 Use of Confidence Metrics 194
8.6 Conclusions 196
Appendices 197
References and Bibliography 209
Index 217

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